Palmiro togliatti biography

The crisis contributed to the start of the Cold War in western Europe. In his 26 September speech at the Constituent Assembly calling for his vote of no confidence in the fourth De Gasperi governmentTogliatti said: "Our goal is the creation in our country of a free and equal society, in which there is no exploitation by men of other men.

On 14 Julyat about am, [ 88 ] Togliatti was shot three times, [ 89 ] being severely wounded by Antonio Pallante, [ 90 ] [ 91 ] a neo-fascist student, [ 1 ] who had strong anti-communist views and was a militant of the Common Man's Front. Upon regaining consciousness, Togliatti himself was instrumental in calling for palmiro togliatti biography and a return to normalcy; from his hospital bed, he reassured his comrades and tried to pacify spirits, averting the danger of an armed insurrection.

On 22 Augusta car accident caused Togliatti to crack the frontal bone and fracture a vertebra. As with the assassination attempt, the event caused an international sensation, and was followed by an investigation, which blamed the accident on "the unacceptable levity of fellow driver Aldo Zaia". At the time, no one was aware that in October he had lost consciousness and went into a coma; his doctor suspected that Togliatti had been poisoned.

Togliatti was saved by brain surgery. Although permanently in the opposition at the national level during his lifetime, the party ran many municipalities and held great power at the local and regional level in certain areas. InTogliatti fought against the Scam Lawan electoral legislation passed by the DC-led majority of the time, which aimed at using first-past-the-post to augment its power.

Ultimately, the law was to prove of no use for the government in the elections of that year, [ ] where the PCI won It was repealed in July Togliatti was re-elected to the Chamber of Deputies, and he remained a member of Parliament until his death in After the Khrushchev Thaw in the Soviet Union, Togliatti was inspired by the new set of palmiro togliatti biographies and launched the party program of the " Italian Road to Socialism ".

He said: "We are democrats in that we are not only anti-fascists, but socialists and communists. There is no contradiction between democracy and socialism. The main points of Khrushchev's speech were the peaceful coexistence between the blocs, the prevention of war, and the forms of transition of the various countries to socialism that, in the words of Ottone, means "the forces of socialism can assert themselves without revolutions, without civil wars, through parliamentary processes", akin to Togliatti's "Italian Way to Socialism" that was first inaugurated with the Salerno turning point and that he reiterated in his speech of response.

In the Italian general electionthe number of votes for the PCI was still on the rise. In the Italian general electionthe PCI gained Nonetheless, the election ended the Centrism party system and resulted in the first centre-left government in the history of the Italian Republicwith the PCI giving its first external support, a system of government known as the Organic centre-left.

In a speech in Bergamotitled "The Destiny of Man", he called for a common front between the religious and communists against consumerism and the commodification of life, and that this opposition must act as a bridge between them. From toTogliatti was married to fellow party member and politician Rita Montagnana. Until his death, he was in a relationship with Nilde Iottialso a fellow party member and politician.

Togliatti died as a result of a cerebral haemorrhage[ ] while vacationing with his companion Nilde Iotti in Yaltathen in the Soviet Union. The day before, he had been urgently hospitalised as a result of a stroke, for which he underwent surgery; [ ] he was Enrico Berlinguerhis favourite pupil, was later elected as his successor to the National Secretary of the PCI position; Berlinguer's time in office saw the Historic Compromise and the moral question.

The Soviet Russian city of Stavropol-on-Volgawhere Togliatti had been instrumental in establishing the AutoVAZ Russian: Lada automobile manufacturing plant in collaboration with Fiatwas renamed after him in Russian: Tolyatti [ a ] in his honor inafter his death. There is still a street in Belgrade named after him Serbian: ulica Palmira Toljatija [ b ].

Togliatti's funeral, held on 24 August[ ] was attended by a million and saw much popular participation, [ ] comparable to that of Berlinguer years later; [ 2 ] aboutpeople followed Togliatti's coffin making its way in Rome. A painting by Renato Guttusotitled I funerali di Togliatti[ ] was made to recreate the event. After orchestrating the fall of the PCI and PSI from government, amid a crisis within the DC and fears that a left-wing coalition would take power, the United States and George Marshall had informed the Italian government that anti-communism was a pre-condition for receiving American aid, [ ] and James Clement Dunn had directly asked Alcide de Gasperi to dissolve the parliament and remove the PCI.

Liberal and left-wing critics saw Togliatti's policy of the Salerno Turn as an example of frontism, or common frontthat was orchestrated by Stalin to conform to his deals with Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill.

Palmiro togliatti biography: Palmiro Michele Nicola Togliatti was an

They argue that Togliatti was above all a Stalinist, and that he remained one for years after Stalin died in and the Soviet Union had repudiated much of his legacy. They argue that it was Stalin who ordered Togliatti to play a moderating role in Italian politics because the time was not yet ripe for a showdown with capitalism. Agarossi and Zaslavsky rely not only on Togliatti's papers but those of the Kremlin, especially the highly detailed reports sent in by the Soviet ambassador in Rome.

In Februaryduring the electoral campaign for the imminent general election, the historian Franco Andreucci published an incomplete and manipulated version in the weekly news magazine Panoramathe excerpt of a holographic letter from Togliatti then known as Ercoli, a Soviet citizen sincemember of the military commission of the executive committee of the Comintern from the Moscow archives, in a correspondence sent from Ufa on 15 February and written in response to a letter from the PCI leader Vincenzo Bianco who asked Togliatti to intercede with the Soviet authorities to avoid death of prisoners of the Italian Army in Russia.

Andreucci had corrected a photocopy that came badly and in part incomplete given to him by the historian Friedrich Firsov, dictating it via telephone to the director of Panorama from home of the journalist Francesco Bigazzi, correspondent in Moscow for the newspaper il Giornoas a result of which he had to resign from the position of consultant held at the publishing house Il Ponte alle Grazie, which, due to the loss of credibility suffered, soon suffered a collapse in sales and was absorbed in by Edizioni Salani.

The political result of the operation was partially achieved, as the attack on Togliatti, in palmiro togliatti biography to influencing the result of the Italian general electionalso served to put Iotti out of the running from a possible election to the presidency of the Italian Republic. Togliatti's Italian-language eight-volume collection of works was published by the Rome-publishing house Editori Riuniti.

From toTogliatti's bibliography included volumes in the most common bibliographic repertoires. Additionally, new biographies of Togliatti continues to be published. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk.

Palmiro togliatti biography: Palmiro Michele Nicola Togliatti was an

Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikidata item. Leader of the Italian Communist Party — Current organisations. Defunct organisations. Related topics. Early life and family [ edit ]. Education and military service [ edit ]. L'Ordine Nuovo [ edit ]. Communist Party of Italy [ edit ].

Fascist regime [ edit ]. Exile [ edit ]. Secretary of the Italian Communist Party [ edit ]. Salerno Turn and national unity governments [ edit ]. Constituent Assembly and May crisis [ edit ]. Popular Democratic Front and assassination attempt [ edit ]. Personal life [ edit ]. Death and funeral [ edit ]. Legacy [ edit ]. Electoral history [ edit ].

Bibliography [ edit ]. See also [ edit ]. References [ edit ]. Archived from the original on 8 July Retrieved 8 July WelfareNetwork in Italian. Retrieved 5 July Un eroe prudente". Rai Cultura in Italian. January Rai Storia in Italian. Archived from the original on 21 February Retrieved 4 July August Collettiva in Italian. Corriere della Sera in Italian.

Archived from the original on 20 December Fordham University Press. ISBN JSTOR j.

Palmiro togliatti biography: Palmiro Togliatti was a politician

New Left Review West European Communism and the Czechoslovak Crisis of Budapest: Central European University Press. April University of Oxford Press. Gramsci Contested: Interpretations, Debates, and Polemics, — Historical Materialism. Translated by Braude, Richard E-book ed. S2CID Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Storia in breve". September Noi donne Interview in Italian.

Classe di scienze fisiche, matematiche naturali; Reale accademia delle scienze di Torino. Classe di scienze fisiche, mathematiche e naturali Togliatti passed away on August 21,in Yalta, Ukrainian S. His contributions to Italian politics are commemorated in various ways, including the naming of the Russian city Tolyatti in his honor. These volumes encompass his writings from toreflecting his extensive contributions to political thought and strategy.

Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email. Type your email…. Designed with WordPress. January 27, About this article Palmiro Togliatti All Sources. Updated Aug 24 About encyclopedia. Palminteri, Chazz ? Palmieri, Domenico. Palmieri, Aurelio. Palmgren, Selim. Palmetto State. Palmerston, Lord Henry John Temple. Palmerston North. Palmer, William.

Palmiro togliatti biography: Aldo Agosti explores Togliatti's

Palmer, Violet. Palmer, Tim othy Palmer, Susan Jean Susan Palmer. Palmer, Sophia French — Palmer, Shirley Nell Brien. Palmer, Shaun. Palmer, Scott W. Palmer, Sandra Jean —. As fascism gained momentum, Togliatti supported the anti-fascist struggle of the "people's squads. Togliatti was elected to the Central Committee of the Communist Party in and to its leadership in In collaboration with Antonio Gramsci, he founded the newspaper "L'Unita" in During the national party conference inGramsci and Togliatti vehemently opposed the sectarian line of Amadeo Bordiga, the leader of the young communist party, and gained a majority in the party's leadership.

Togliatti was elected as a member of the Executive Committee of the Communist International Comintern in He was arrested twice between andspending approximately eight months in prison. From toTogliatti traveled multiple times to Switzerland and Belgium to organize the work of the CPI in exile. He actively opposed the policy of passivity, sectarianism, and opportunism in the labor movement during the fight against fascism, advocating for unity among all anti-fascist forces.

Togliatti led the struggle against the right-wing deviation within the CPI from to He served as a member of the Presidium and Secretariat of the Comintern from to